Treaty with the Jews

The Jews of Madinah knew very well that Nabi ﷺ (peace and blessings be upon him) was the final Prophet and that the Ambiyaa عليه السلام (peace be upon him) of the past had given glad tidings regarding him. However, due to their hatred and enmity for Nabi ﷺ (peace and blessings be upon him), they continued opposing him and plotting with the disbelievers of Makkah against him.

After Nabi ﷺ (peace and blessings be upon him) settled in Madinah, their enmity increased. They realised that they would no longer be respected and honoured in the presence of Nabi ﷺ (peace and blessings be upon him). With the exception of a few Jews who embraced Islaam, the rest of them were burning with jealousy and hatred for him.

Nabi ﷺ (peace and blessings be upon him) felt it necessary to enter into a treaty with them in order to be safe from their mischief. The treaty included the following:

1. The Jews would be free to practise their religion.
2. If the Muslims or Jews engaged in war, each would render assistance to the other.
3. The Jews and Muslims will maintain friendly relationships.
4. In the event of an attack on Madinah, the Muslims and Jews will join forces.
5. If either of them enters into a treaty with an enemy, the other group would also recognise the treaty.
6. None of the groups will side with the Quraish.
7. If the Muslims engaged in war against anyone, the Jews would assist in the expenses.
8. The oppressed would be given assistance.
9. If a dispute occurred between the Muslims and the Jews, the responsibility of settlement would rest with Nabi ﷺ (peace and blessings be upon him).

The Jews did not adhere to this treaty. In the 2nd year, the Banu Qaynuqaa’ broke the treaty. Likewise the Banu Nadheer broke the treaty in the 4th year and the Banu Quraizah in the 5th year.